Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi
Yazarlar: Nurcan AVŞİN, Dlian Tansu ÇAKI
Konular:Fiziki Coğrafya
DOI:10.46453/jader.911574
Anahtar Kelimeler:Avalanche,Avalanche Susceptibility,Weighted Overlay Method,Çatak,Bahçesaray,Van
Özet: Avalanches are defined as the rapid slipping of the snow mass down the slope with the effect of internal and / or external forces, which has accumulated layers in the hilly and sloping lands, generally in the mountainous areas of middle and high latitudes, where there is a lot of snowfall. This study on determining the avalanche susceptibility areas on the Çatak - Bahçesaray (Van) highway aims to produce and evaluate the avalanche susceptibility map of the Van Lake south part where heavy snowfalls and avalanche events are observed. As a research area, the region is also a diverse mountainous and sloping area of the Bitlis Massif. 42 citizens lost their lives in two avalanches that took place on the 19th km of the Van - Bahçesaray road on February 4-5, 2020. In the avalanche that occurred at the crossroads of Bahçesaray district in January 2004, two members of the General Directorate of Highways lost their lives. The lack of risk analysis in this area, which has a high avalanche potential, prepares the ground for the negative consequences of an avalanche disaster. This scope of work, the avalanche paths in the area have been identified using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and RS (Remote Sensing) methods. Elevation, slope, aspect, slope curvature and vegetation parameters are used in avalanche susceptibilty analysis. The accuracy of the findings obtained was confirmed as a result of field studies and face-to-face interviews with the local people. The avalanche susceptibility map prepared according to the weighted overlay method is divided into 5 classes from very low to very high. Avalanche incidents experienced in the past years in the study area have been added to the susceptibility map. In this, the consistency of risky avalanche areas with old avalanches has been compared. Many locations, including settlements in the area, are classified as susceptibility and high- susceptibility areas. Especially in the part of the study area from Çatak - Bahçesaray road junction to Bahçesaray district center, susceptibility values were found to be high. Kavuşşahap Mountains and the vicinity of Veribani Tepe, which are the locations with the highest susceptibility in the area, are areas where avalanche control is not required due to their lack of settlement and highway. However, in the high-susceptibility Andiçen, Işınlı, Sözveren, Çılga and Eliaçık neighborhoods and the high-susceptibility Görentaş and Teknecik neighborhoods, the settlement order and all human activities should be kept under control.