Uluslararası Suçlar ve Tarih
Yazarlar: J. Otto POHL
Konular:-
Anahtar Kelimeler:Crimean Tatars,Deportation,NKVD,Special settlers,Uzbekistan
Özet: On May 11, 1944, the Soviet government accused theCrimean Tatars of mass treason and ordered the forced resettlement ofthe entire population from the Crimean ASSR to Uzbekistan. From May18-20, 1944 the NKVD (People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs)loaded nearly every Crimean Tatar man, woman, and child onto trainechelons bound for the Uzbek SSR. A number of these trains were laterdiverted to the Urals and other regions of the R.S.F.S.R., but out of atotal population of less than 200,000 over 150,000 ended up resettled inUzbekistan as special settlers. Those sent to Uzbekistan were initiallysettled mostly on kolkhozes and sovkhozes, but due to very poor materialconditions on these farms a large number of them migrated to industrialconcerns such as mines, construction sites, and factories within therepublic to work. Despite this migration, tens of thousands of CrimeanTatars in Uzbekistan still perished from such causes as malaria,malnutrition, and dysentery. In the Urals tens of thousands of CrimeanTatars ended up in wet forests where the able bodied adults felled treesand the rest of the population suffered from hunger and contagiousdiseases. Finally, a small group of Crimean Tatar men were mobilizedas forced labourers in the coal mines of the Moscow and Tula oblasts.The Soviet government only released the Crimean Tatars from specialsettlement restrictions on April 28, 1956. It lifted the collective chargesof treason against the nationality on September 5, 1967. But, it onlyallowed the Crimean Tatars to return home in large numbers afterNovember 14, 1989. Their long exile in Central Asia and other areas ofthe USSR left an indelible mark on the nationality. The Crimean Tatarresponse to the current Russian occupation of Crimea cannot beunderstood without reference to the history of their deportation andsuffering under the special settlement regime