Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi

Yazarlar: Sema USLU, Fatih KAR

Konular:-

Anahtar Kelimeler:Semaphorin,Plexin,Neuropilin,Semaphorins in diseases and treatments

Özet: Cell-cell signaling mechanisms of multicellular organisms regulate human development during embryogenesis and control homeostasis inadult tissues. These are vital mechanisms for human health. Perturbation of cell-cell signaling is involved in many pathologies, includingcancer. Semaphorins are secretory, transmembrane, and GPI-associated proteins that have significant roles in various tissues. They are knownas extracellular signal proteins, which are essential for the development and maintenance of many organs and tissues. Semaphorin cell guidancecues and their common plexin receptors elaborate on the mechanical principles of the cell-cell signaling system. Previous studies have shownthat semaphorins act as axon directing molecules. It is understood that semaphorins are key regulators of morphology and motility in manydifferent types of cells, including nervous, cardiovascular, immunological, endocrine, hepatic, renal, reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletalas well as cancer cells and metabolism forming cells. Semaphorin signaling predominantly occurs via plexin receptors. Recent studies haverevealed the important functions of the semaphorin-plexin system in mammalian physiology. The common feature of semaphorin functionalmechanisms is that they alter the organization of cytoskeletons, actin filaments, and microtubule networks. Exciting studies continue to showhow semaphorin signaling is regulated by different receptor complexes and other mechanisms to achieve specific results in various cells andphysiological systems, although much information is being learned about the mechanisms behind the effects of semaphorins, which are abouttwenty years of research history. In this review, molecular structures of semaphorins, receptors, their role in diseases and treatment protocolsare summarized.

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