Rusya Araştırmaları Dergisi
Yazarlar: Mustafa ÖZTÜRK
Konular:Tarih
DOI:10.48068/trad.839057
Anahtar Kelimeler:Tsarist Russia Muslims,Turkistan,Caucasus,Petrograd,First World War
Özet: For the first time in its history, during the First World War Tsarist Russia was involved in the struggle against its two major enemies, the Germans and the Turks. It must be admitted that in this strangle which affected on the fate of millions people Ottoman State was less prepared and weaker in terms of military and economic terms compared to its rivals, Russia, Britain and France. But Ottoman Empire had a strategic card that closely related to the peace of minds and the raw material economy. In the territory of Tsarist Russia, millions of Muslims lived in Turkistan, Caucasus and big Russian cities, especially Idil-Volga Tatars. When we looked at the issue from this point of view, Russia’s approach to the caliphate in the war strategy had a quite different character compared to Britain and France. Likewise, the Muslim subjects of Britain and France predominantly lived in the colonial lands. Although the influence of Ottoman Empire on the Muslims or the Muslims’ loyality to the Ottoman State were debatable, the fact that they held the position of the caliphate could have thought provoking effects. As a matter of fact, with the jihat fatwa it was going to issue, this factor could open the door not only to the colonies of England and France, but also to new areas of struggle in Russia’s territory or to the unstoppable actions of political Islamic movements. On the other hand, The Germans could gradually strenghten their weak caliphate trump card with financial support and perceptions methods thanks to skillful moves. Aware of danger, Russia resorted to the controlled methods, mainly censorship in press organs, and flexible and harsh military-political moves in some periods of the First World War. The unforgettable and controversial example of harsh and disproportionate practices was undoubtedly Turkistan’s Events of 1916. In this article, the author tried to examined in the light of Russian sources and works the practices regarding the information organs of the Muslim people living within the borders of Tsarist Russia, as well as the problems of the muslim soldiers in the Tsarist Russian armies, the work of the Muslim intellectuals, the communication of the Mufti offices with Petrograd, the security measures on the Muslims, Turkistan and the impact of the rebellion on foreign intervention and propaganda activities in Petrograd from the beginnings of the First World War to the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.